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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>抱朴子曰：夫学者所以清澄性理，簸扬埃秽，雕锻矿璞，砻炼屯钝，启导聪明，饰染质素，察往知来，博涉劝戒，仰观俯察，於是乎在，人事王道，於是乎备。进可以为国，退可以保己。是以圣贤罔莫孜孜而勤之，夙夜以勉之，命尽日中而释，饥寒危困而不废。岂以有求於当世哉？诚乐之自然也。</p><p>夫斫削刻画之薄伎，射御骑乘之易事，犹须惯习 ，然後能善，况乎人理之旷，道德之远，陰陽之变，鬼神之情，缅邈玄奥，诚难生知。虽云色白，匪染弗丽；虽云味甘，匪和弗美。故瑶华不琢，则耀夜之景不发；丹青不治，则纯钩之劲不就。火则不钻不生，不扇不炽；水则不决不流，不积不深。故质虽在我，而成之由彼也。登阆风，扪晨极，然後知井谷之暗隘也；披七经，玩百氏，然後觉面墙之至困也。</p><p>夫不学而求知，犹愿鱼而无网焉，心虽勤而无获矣；广博以穷理，犹须风而托焉，体不劳而致远矣。粉黛至则西施以加丽，而宿瘤以藏丑；经术深则高才者洞达，卤钝者醒悟。文梓干云，而不可名台榭者，未加班轮之结构也；天然爽朗，而不可谓之君子者，不识大伦之臧否也。</p><p>欲超千里於终朝，必假追影之足；欲凌洪波而遐济，必因艘楫之器；欲见无外而不下堂，必由之乎载籍；欲测渊微而不役神，必得之乎明师。故朱绿所以改素丝，训诲所以移蒙蔽。披玄云而扬大明，则万物无所隐其状矣；舒竹帛而考古今，则天地无所藏其情矣。况於鬼神乎？而况於人事乎？泥涅可令齐坚乎金玉，曲木可攻之以应绳墨，百兽可教之以战陈，畜牲可习 之以进退，沈鳞可动之以声音，机石可感之以精诚，又况乎含五常而禀最灵者哉！</p><p>低仰之驷，教之功也；鸷击之禽，习 之驯也。与彼凡马野鹰，本实一类，此以饰贵，彼以质贱。运行潦而勿辍，必混流乎沧海矣；崇一篑而弗休，必钧高乎峻极矣。大川滔瀁，则虬螭群游；日就月将，则德立道备。乃可以正。梦乎丘旦，何徒解桎乎困蒙哉！</p><p>昔仲由冠鸡带豘，靃珥鸣蝉，杖剑而舞，盛称南山之劲竹，欲任掘强之自然；尼父善诱，染以德教，遂成升堂之生，而登四科之哲。子张鄙人，而灼聚凶猾，渐渍道训，成化名儒，乃抗礼於王公，岂直免於庸陋！</p><p>以是贤人悲寓世之倏忽，疾泯没之无称；感朝闻之弘训，悟通微之无类；惧将落之明戒，觉罔念之作狂；不饱食以终日，不弃功於寸陰；鉴逝川之勉志，悼过隙之电速；割游情之不急，损人间之末务；洗忧贫之心，遣广愿之秽，息畋猎博奕之游戏，矫昼寝坐睡之懈怠；知徒思之无益，遂振策於圣途。学以聚之，问以辩之，进德修业，温 故知新。</p><p>夫周公上圣，而日读百篇。仲尼天纵，而韦编三绝。墨翟大贤，载文盈车。仲舒命世，不窥园门。倪宽带经以芸鉏，路生截蒲以写书，黄霸抱桎梏以受业，甯子勤夙夜以倍功，故能究览道奥，穷测微言，观万古如同日，知八荒若庐庭，考七耀之盈虚，步三五之变化，审盛衰之方来，验善否於既往，料玄黄於掌握，甄未兆以如成。故能盛德大业，冠於当世，清芒令问，播於罔极也。</p><p>且夫闻商羊而戒浩瀁，访鸟砮而洽东肃，谘萍实而言色味，讯土狗而识坟羊，披《灵宝》而知山隐，因折俎而说专车，瞻离毕而分陰陽之候，由冬螽而觉闰余之错，何神之有？学而已矣。夫童谣犹助圣人之耳目，岂况《坟》《索》之弘博哉！</p><p>才性有优劣，思理有修短。或有夙知而早成，或有提耳而後喻。夫速悟时习 者，骥騄之脚也；迟解晚觉者，鹑鹊之翼也。彼虽寻飞绝景，止而不行，则步武不过焉；此虽咫尺以进，往而不辍，则山泽可越焉。明暗之学，其犹兹乎？盖少则志一而难忘，长则神放而易失，故修学务早，及其精专，习 与性成，不异自然也。若乃绝伦之器，盛年有故，虽失之於旸谷，而收之於虞渊。方知良田之晚播，愈於座岁之荒芜也。日烛之喻，斯言当矣。</p><p>世道多难，儒教沦丧，文武之轨，将遂凋坠。或沈溺於声色之中，或驱驰於竞逐之路。孤贫而精六艺者，以游夏之资，而抑顿乎九泉之下；因风而附凤翼者，以驽庸之质，犹回遑乎霞霄之表。舍本逐末者，谓之勤修庶几；拥经求己者，谓之陆沈迂阔。於是莫不蒙尘触雨，戴霜履冰，怀黄握白，提清挈肥，以赴邪径之近易，规朝种而暮获矣。</p><p>若乃下帷斑枕，游神九典，精义赜隐，味道居静，确乎建不拔之操，扬青於岁寒之後，不揆世以投迹，不随众以萍漂者，盖亦鲜矣。汲汲於进趋，悒闷於否滞者，岂能舍至易速达之通途，而守甚难必穷之塞路乎？此川上所以无人，《子衿》之所为作。悯俗者所以痛心而长慨，忧道者所以含悲而颓思也。</p><p>夫寒暑代谢，否终则泰，文武迭贵，常然之数也。冀群寇毕涤，中兴在今，七耀遵度，旧邦惟新，振天彗以广埽，鼓九陽之洪炉，运大钧乎皇极，开玄模以轨物。陶冶庶类，匠成翘秀，荡汰积埃，革邪反正。戢干戈，橐弓矢，兴辟雍之庠序，集国子，修文德，发金声，振玉音。降风云於潜初，旅束帛乎丘园，令抱翼之凤，奋翮於清虚；项领之骏，骋迹於千里。使夫含章抑郁，穷览洽闻者，申公伏生之徒，发玄纁，登蒲轮，吐结气，陈立素，显其身，行其道，俾圣世迪唐虞之高轨，驰升平之广途，玄流沾於九垓，惠风被乎无外。五刑厝而颂声作，和气洽而嘉禾遂生，不亦休哉！</p><p>昔秦之二世，不重儒术，舍先圣之道，习 刑狱之法。民不见德，唯戮是闻。故惑而不知反迷之路，败而不知自救之方，遂堕坠於云霄之上，而敕韭粉乎不测之下。惟尊及卑，可无鉴乎！</p> </div>
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